Oil & Gas Boiler Burner

I. Definition & Core Function

The burner is the core heating component of oil-fired and gas-fired boilers. It accurately mixes fuel (diesel, heavy oil, natural gas, LPG, etc.) with combustion air in a proper ratio, atomizes or sprays the fuel, and ignites the mixture stably. It supplies continuous, controllable high-temperature heat to the boiler furnace, directly determining the boiler’s thermal efficiency, emission standards and operational stability.

II. Basic Working Principle

1. Fuel Supply: Oil pump or gas valve train pressurizes and delivers fuel to the nozzle; regulating valves control fuel flow.
2. Air Supply: Fan delivers combustion air into the air duct; air damper adjusts air volume and wind pressure.
3. Mixing & Atomization: Fuel oil is atomized into tiny droplets under high pressure via nozzles; gas sprays out at high speed and premixes with air.
4. Ignition & Combustion: High-voltage ignition electrodes discharge electric arcs to ignite the fuel-air mixture, forming a stable flame inside the furnace.
5. Intelligent Regulation: Flame detector monitors combustion status in real time, adjusting load automatically based on temperature and pressure signals. It cuts off fuel and triggers an alarm immediately if flameout occurs.

III. Core Structural Components

表格

System Module	Main Parts	Function
Air Supply System	Fan motor, impeller, damper servo actuator, air barrel	Supply combustion air; adjust air volume to match load
Fuel System	Oil pump / gas valve train, filter, pressure regulator, nozzle	Filter, stabilize pressure, meter, spray and atomize fuel
Ignition System	Ignition transformer, ignition electrode	Generate high-voltage arc to ignite mixed fuel
Detection & Protection System	Flame detector (photoresistor / ion rod), air pressure switch, thermostat	Flame monitoring; protection against over-temperature, flameout and air shortage
Control System	Program controller (Siemens LOA / LME series, etc.)	Execute full sequence: pre-purge, ignition, operation and shutdown

IV. Main Classifications

1. By Fuel Type

• Oil Burners: Light oil (diesel), heavy oil, waste engine oil, etc. Differentiated by nozzle atomization performance and pump viscosity adaptability.
• Gas Burners: Natural gas, LPG, town gas, biogas, etc. Differentiated by valve safety grade and gas pressure adaptability.
• Dual Fuel Oil-Gas Burners: Support switch between oil and gas for wider application range.

2. By Atomization Type (Oil Burners Only)

• Mechanical Pressure Atomization: High-pressure pump sprays oil through nozzles for atomization; simple structure, suitable for light oil.
• Medium Atomization (Air / Steam): Compressed air or steam breaks oil into finer droplets; ideal for high-viscosity heavy oil and residual oil.

3. By Load Adjustment Mode

• Single-stage: Only ON/OFF; for low-power boilers with stable heat load.
• Two-stage: High / low fire switch; fewer start-stop cycles for smoother operation.
• Modulating Proportional: Servo motor continuously adjusts air-fuel ratio; stepless load 0~100%, best energy saving for fluctuating heat demand.

V. Key Performance Advantages

1. Complete combustion & high thermal efficiency: Precise air-fuel matching + fine atomization achieves combustion efficiency over 99.5%, greatly lifting overall boiler efficiency.
2. Eco-friendly low emission: Full combustion reduces CO, soot and NOx; low-NOx burners meet strict nitrogen oxide emission limits.
3. High automation: One-button start/stop via program controller, automatic purge, ignition and protection; no 24-hour on-site operator required.
4. Stable & safe operation: Multiple interlock protections for flameout, over-temperature, air shortage and low pressure; automatic shutdown and alarm upon fault.
5. Easy maintenance: Modular design; quick replacement of wearing parts including nozzles, electrodes and filters.